Specimens must be at 812 hours apart with one of them being collected the first thing in the morning. Poor quality specimens will be rejected and a repeat requested. Sputum examination routine test for infections dr lal. What is the significance of different sputum types. The speaker will discuss the culture of sputum, throat and other respiratory specimens including. Information on this website is available in alternative formats upon request. Webcast windows media, 20 kbps powerpoint presentation 1. Transport specimen to the microbiology laboratory immediately at room. Here are some examples of possible causes of green sputum as well as the other sputum colors associated with them. Sputum is the medical terminology word for the thick liquid that is coughed up from lungs. A second specimen cup labeled waste should be used to capture any salivasalt water expectorant. Step 1 it is very important that the sputum is the material coughed up from the lungs, and not saliva spit from the mouth, or. Both the black and white figures and the colored plates are well chosen and well reproduced. Few prior studies have specifically examined the role of sputum color.
Standard manual for laboratory technicians on sputum smear microscopy. A sputum culture is a test to find germs such as bacteria or a fungus that can cause an infection. Isolation and identification of microorganism from sputum of. In many cases, the presence of this sputum indicates that you have a respiratory disease which causes phlegm production. The term sputum often used interchangeably with the phlegm but technically if we take a look at these words, they have a little bit of difference as. Sputum should be coughed from deep in the chest and coughed into the plastic collection bottle. Mucoid, mucopurulent or purulent sputum is thicker and often more sticky than normal sputum. It allows for the isolation of bacterial or eukaryotic dna from the sputum samples using a convenient spin column format. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of sputum gram stain in etiological diagnosis and pathogentargeted antibiotic treatment. Tb fact sheet series sputum collection during tb treatment. View details of cost of test, pretest information and report availability on dr lal pathlabs. In a study of inpatients at a veterans hospital, yellow was the only sputum color that correlated. Sputum specimen definition of sputum specimen by medical.
Specimen collection suspect or confirmed tb patients should be in a negative pressure room specimen collection is an aerosol generating procedure, anyone in the room during specimen collection must wear a particulate respirator type n95 and be part of the respirator protection plan all mycobacteria specimens are collected. A person who has an infection or disease of the respiratory system may cough up sputum. Janet abernathy, rn, catholic healthcare west catherine cao, francis j. Have patient rinse mouth with water after brushing gums and tongue. You simply need to provide the sample for the lab to test. Dec 28, 20 nebulized hypertonic saline and distilled water collected in. Listen to the audio pronunciation in the cambridge english dictionary. First, we examined whether the sputum ph could be reproducible under the conditions of 1 different time points after sample collection and 2 different temperatures of sample preservation. An expectorated sputum sample may not necessarily be the best specimen to determine the causative organism of a bacterial chest infection. There has been no study to evaluate the diagnostic value of this method in patients with healthcareassociated pneumonia hcap. Nov 05, 1977 these findings suggest that sputum has a detrimental effect on pulmonary function and that physiotherapy can reduce airways obstruction. Sputum definition, matter, as saliva mixed with mucus or pus, expectorated from the lungs and respiratory passages. Which criterion makes it appropriate for the nurse to delegate to nursing assistive personnel nap the skill of collecting a sputum specimen.
A tb patient has coughed up sputum and is spitting it into a sterile container. My pulmonologist wants me to give a sputum sample to test my sputum eosinophils so we can get a better picture of whats going on in my lungs. Apart from the consistency, the color of purulent sputum may vary from white or gray to yellow, green, rustcolored or brown. The effectiveness of sputum ph analysis in the prediction of response to therapy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis makoto masuda 1, 2, 3, takashi sato 1, 2, kentaro sakamaki 4, makoto kudo 1, 2, takeshi kaneko 2, yoshiaki ishigatsubo 1. Sputum collection at least three consecutive sputum specimens are needed. In medicine, sputum samples are usually used for naked eye exam, microbiological investigations of respiratory infections and cytological investigations of respiratory systems. If your doctor thinks you have pneumonia, he or she might examine a sample of your sputum, the phlegm that you cough out of your lungs, to try to determine what type of bacteria or other infectious agent might be the cause. Meningococcal disease is a serious and potentially lifethreatening infection caused by the bacterium neisseria meningitidis. Pdf yield of two consecutive sputum specimens for the. Safe sputum induction for suspected or known infectious tuberculosis tb patients. Sputum or phlegm is the term used to describe the mucus or pus discharge that the respiratory tract expectorates. Full text get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 607k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Sputum is mucus that is coughed up from the lower airways the trachea and bronchi.
Administrative controls, including signage and a sample sputum induction procedure. Induced sputum worksheet for fev1 1 liter qxq, isw, version a, 91710 page 2 of 4 the sputum sample should be kept on ice throughout the induction procedure. Mucous material from the lungs that is produced brought up by coughing. How to pronounce sputum in english cambridge dictionary. A sample of sputum is collected in a sterile, widemouthed, dry, leakproof and breakresistant plasticcontainer and. Sputum is a thick fluid produced in the lungs and in the adjacent airways. To the physician who is accustomed to order the sending of a specimen of sputum to the laboratory for examination as a routine procedure and does not get first hand knowledge of the appearances of these various types of disease exudates, the contents of this monograph will quickly prove to him that he has neglected a major portion of his part of the clinical examination. Curry national tuberculosis center patrick macardle, pe, institutional consultation services, francis j.
Youll be asked to cough deeply to bring up the sputum from your lungs. How to safely collect sputum samples from patients suspected to be. Clinical practice guideline standard operating procedure. About fifty pages are devoted to a discussion of the character and clinical significance of the sputum in some twenty of the more common diseases of the bronchi and lungs. The quality of sputum specimens as a predictor of isolated bacteria. Its best to collect sputum specimens first thing in the morning, when you. The usefulness of sputum gram stain in patients with communityacquired pneumonia cap is controversial. Surveillance manual meningococcal vaccine preventable. The samples were sputum specimens from patients with lower respiratory tract infections lrti and had been through gram staining and. With the aid of a nebulizer, have patients inhale about 25 ml of 3 to 10% sterile saline. It is essential that the specimen obtained be mucus from the lungs and bronchi and not saliva.
Learn sputum specimen collection with free interactive flashcards. Based on the clients understanding it maybe recommended to collect the specimens 24 hours. Isolation and identification of microorganism from sputum of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients european academic research vol. Mechanical methods of liquefaction are time consuming and do not provide major. Choose from 500 different sets of sputum specimen collection flashcards on quizlet.
Lower airway inflammation was assessed noninvasively using induced sputum in 34 normal controls and 259 adults with. Sputum evaluation and sputum induction harvard health. This kit constitutes an allinone system for the rapid isolation of dna from sputum samples. Dr lal pathlabs offers test service for sputum examination routine test for checking infections. Some diseases can cause pus, blood, or bacteria to show up in the sputum. Sputum examination routine test for infections dr lal pathlabs. Aphl submission of sputum specimens for tb testing 2. Sputum smear microscopy is the gold standard method for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. The specimen may be examined microscopically for the presence of malignant cells cytologic examination or tested to identify pathogenic bacteria bacteriologic examination. Mycobacteriology laboratory manual world health organization. Isolation and identification of microorganism from sputum. Sputum definition is matter expectorated from the respiratory system and especially the lungs that is composed of mucus but may contain pus, blood, fibrin, or microorganisms such as. Sputum examination and analysis linkedin slideshare. It is a substance known as phlegm, and it can be an indicator of many respiratory infections.
The debate as to whether asthma is a single or heterogeneous disease remains unresolved although pathological studies, mostly using fibreoptic bronchoscopy on small numbers of subjects, have emphasised the similarities between different clinical phenotypes. The effectiveness of sputum ph analysis in the prediction of. A sample of sputum is added to a substance that promotes the growth of germs. Is sputum evaluation useful for patients with community. The sputum typically includes large quantities of pus in the case of infections and has more mucus as opposed to pus in the case of noninfectious inflammatory issues. A sputum culture is a sample of the gooey substance that often comes up from your chest when you have an infection in your lungs or airways doctors use it to figure out what might be causing. Ii, issue 10 january 2015 154 and cotriamoxazole, aztreonam, cefuroxime, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, imepenem and gentamicin were found effective in majority of the isolates. Specimen collection must be postponed for 1 to 2 hours after eating or the administration of a tube feeding, so the procedure would have to be delayed if the patient has just finished having lunch. Sputum smears and culture conversion are frequently used to evaluate treatment response in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Obtaining induced sputum by inhaling hypertonic saline aerosols generated by an ultrasonic nebulizer is a useful technique for helping identify active inflammation in the airways characteristic of asthma. B purpose and content of sputum induction guideline this guideline provides practicebased guidance on conducting sputum induction safely.
However, multiple tests are often ordered so more specimen may be needed. Jun 09, 2019 sputum is a thick fluid that is produced in the lungs and in the airways that lead to the lungs. A subgroup of 60 patients had a distinctive sputum cell profile with a neutrophil count higher than our normal range 65. To the physician who is accustomed to order the sending of a specimen of sputum to the laboratory for examination as a routine procedure and does not get first hand knowledge of the appearances of these various types of disease exudates, the contents of this monograph will quickly prove to him that. Sputum specimens will be collected in the early morning if possible. Sputum is a thick fluid that is produced in the lungs and in the airways that lead to the lungs. Specimen collection, handling, transport and processing. Nebulized hypertonic saline and distilled water collected in.
Assessment of sputum quality and its importance in the rapid. To reduce the likelihood of transmission to others, patients are encouraged to collect their sputum specimens outdoors whenever possible. Definition, colors, causes, and when to see a doctor. Given the high viscosity of sputa from patients with cf, especially those with advanced disease, if quantitative bacteriology is desired sputa must first be liquefied with agents such as nacetylcysteine mucomyst. Specimens can be sent through the us postal service using mdch specimen containers.
Type characteristics associated pathology purulent thick, yellowgreen sputum infectious pneumonia, bronchiectasis and abscess mucoid clear, greywhite chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma serous clear, frothy, can be pink pulmonary oedema blood blood malignancy, pulmonary embolus, clotting disorders, infection click. Sputum is a thick fluid made in the lungs and in the airways leading to the lungs. A sputum culture is a test to detect and identify bacteria or fungi that infect the lungs or breathing passages. It is not saliva or mucous from the back of the throat. It is critical that the patient not give a specimen that includes any mucoid material from the interior of the nose. Step 1 it is very important that the sputum is the material coughed up from the lungs, and not saliva spit from the mouth, or mucous from the back of the throat. This is partly due to the greater mucus production coupled with pus in the purulent types. Sonam wangchuk, microbiologist, head of public health laboratory 2. Cultureindependent detection and characterisation of. The kit includes all the reagents needed to process sputum dna including a sputum liquifier to reduce.
Binay thapa, microbiologist, public health laboratory 3. Sputum is a type of thick mucus that is produced by the lungs when they are diseased or damaged. Sputum is the mucous or phlegm coughed up from your lungs. Type characteristics associated pathology purulent thick, yellowgreen sputum infectious pneumonia, bronchiectasis and abscess mucoid clear, greywhite chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma serous clear, frothy, can be pink pulmonary oedema blood blood malignancy, pulmonary embolus, clotting disorders, infection click here to. A sputum culture requires minimal effort on your part.
It is very common to notice this phlegm occasionally or in small quantities, but it can also be more plentiful. Normally, fresh morning sample is preferred for the bacteriological examination of sputum. It can contain bacteria, tissue particles, blood, and really anything that is in the lungs. The incremental yield of the second sputum sample in the sameday. Highquality specimens are vital for the laboratory diagnosis of tb, and sputum is the most frequent specimen collected for tb testing. The necessary amount of sputum for most tests is 5 ml about 1 teaspoon. The upside of steelyard aside from the obvious nightlife right at your door is that your right by the tram, and its really not that long of a ride to get to midtown.
The effectiveness of sputum ph analysis in the prediction. Some testing is best done on serial specimens, so you may be asked to collect for three days in a row. Other specimens may be more accurate and might be taken in addition if the clinical condition of a patient dictates so. These findings suggest that sputum has a detrimental effect on pulmonary function and that physiotherapy can reduce airways obstruction. Instructions for collecting sputum for tb tuberculosis minnesota. Validation of sputum gram stain for treatment of community. Microbiological processing of respiratory specimens from. Clinical practice guideline standard operating procedure title.
851 950 614 471 1591 1292 244 119 266 572 202 125 55 997 461 1524 1574 97 1662 900 1387 1177 319 544 1207 692 514 300 350 784 73 352 662 974 831 40